Translation Technique

WORD EQUIVALENT

In translating the words from SL to TL, there are some problems which may influence the success of translation product.

A.    Affixes

The affixes in English and Indonesian are highly varied. Examples are as bellow:

Prefix- Suffix	English	Indonesian
Il- tidak	Illogical	Tidak logis
Bi- dua	bicycle	sepeda
	Bilingual	Dwibahasa
Trans- berubah/berpindah	Transport	angkutan
-ion	Connection	hubungan
-able	Readable	Bisa dibaca
-en	Lighten	menerangi

B.     Word modification

Humid (adj)/lembab(adj) – humidity (noun)/kelembapan(noun)

C.     Multi meaning

A word in SL may have more than one meaning in TL.

D.    The relation between lexical

General-specific	Pronoun	Synonym	Antonym	Reciprocal
Chicken	Handoko	Student	Hard	Teach
Rooster,hen,chick	His, him	Pupil	soft	learn

E.     Unequivalent inter language lexical

Reference	English	Indonesian
Noun	Rice	Padi, gabah, beras, nasi
Semantics	Son	anak
	Daughter	anak
Culture	House (living room, bedroom)	Rumah (ruang depan, ruang tengah)

F.       Lexical equivalent with the same concept

Memanggul = carry on the shoulder.

Nickel = uang logam.

G.    Lexical equivalent with unknown concept

Dikeroki = masage

H.    Translation void/untranslatable

I.       Compound word

Book worm = kutu buku

J.       Blending, clipping, acronym

Blending	Clipping	Acronym
Motel = motorway hotel Patas = cepat terbatas	Zoo = zoological garden Lab = laboratorium	VIP = Very Important Person RSU = Rumah Sakit Umum

K.    Figurative meaning

·         Euphemism : berpulang = passed away, not feeling well = tak enak badan

·         Simile & metaphor: as old as the hills = tua sekali, di ujung tanduk = hanging on a thread

·         Personification

·         Idiom

MEANING EQUIVALENT

Suryawinata

1.      Lexical meaning : the meaning of the word in the dictionary

Hand    : the moveable parts at the end of the arms

2.      Grammatical meaning: have been added by affixes and/or the word structure.

(memakan,dimakan,termakan), (I go to the office, I went to the office)

3.      Textual meaning: the relation between other words in a sentence.

Hand me your paper (menyerakan), Masalah ini sudah ditangani ketua (diselesaikan)

4.      Contextual meaning : depends on the situation (setting, purpose, topic,etc)

“Good morning” in the early time: “selamat pagi”

“Good morning” in the late time: “kamu terlambat lagi”

5.      Socio-cultural meaning: the meaning is equivalent with culture that uses the language.

How’s your trip           : Mana oleh-olehnya?

It was really bad         : Capek/lelah