Friday, September 20, 2013

Analysis of Religious and Ethical Value in Short Story


OLIVER TWIST BY CHARLES DICKENS
The characters in this story
·         Oliver twist
The main character. An orphan boy born in a workhouse.
·         Mrs. Mann
An old lady who was taking care Oliver in branch workhouse till he was ninth years old.
·         Mr. bumble
The corrupt leader of the workhouse.
·         Mr.Sowerberry
The undertaker of Oliver from workhouse. A man who made coffins.
·         Noah
An orphan boy who worked in Mr.sowerberry’s shop. Tricky boy.
·         Artful dodger
A man who saved Oliver when Oliver ran away to London and introduced to Fagin
·         Fagin
The leader of thief gang and train Oliver to be pick pocket
·         Mr. Brownlow
Oliver’s savior, a kindly old gentleman
·         Nancy
Friend of Fagin and tried to help Oliver
·         Mr.Sikes
A murderer and Fagin’s friend
·         Rose
A kindly young woman. Oliver’s second savior, who turns out to be his aunt.
·    Monks or Edward Leeford
Oliver’s step brother, bent on destroying Oliver


OLIVER TWIST BY CHARLES DICKENS

Summary
Oliver was born in a workhouse by unmarried and nameless lady.

For next ten months after Oliver’s birth, he got ill (caused by hunger), and he was sent to the branch workhouse that was under leaded by Mrs. Mann. There, Oliver was given food, but Oliver became thin and pale.

When Oliver was ninth years old, he was sent back to the previous workhouse by Mr. Bumble. Oliver was in suffering because he didn’t get sufficient daily meal from Mr. Bumble. There was a general custom in UK to send young son to the sea (becoming a sailor or some kind). But, Mr. Bumble couldn’t find the person who could bring Oliver.

At last, Oliver was undertaken by Mr. Sowerberry, a maker of coffins for dead body. Mr. Sowerberry’s home was not too far from workhouse. There, Oliver lived and slept in the coffin’s shop. There was a lot of frightening stuff inside. In Oliver’s daily, he helped Mr. Sowerberry to prepare the coffins. Then he met with Noah, an orphan boy in Mr. Sowerberry’s shop. Noah insulted Oliver’s mom as a bad or crime girl. Oliver got angry and hit Noah. Then Oliver was punished by Mr. Sowerberry and isolated in the dark room. At the next day, Oliver ran away from Mr. Sowerberry’s home.

In his journey of running away, Oliver was in suffering and nobody helped him. Then finally, he collapsed on the road. There he met with a man named Dodger. Dodger brought Oliver to his friend’s home, named Fagin. Fagin was the leader of thief gang. Here, Oliver was given food and place to sleep. For the next days, Oliver was trained to be a pick pocket by Fagin and his gang. One day, Oliver and the gang wanted to steal an old man’s pocket in the book store. Unfortunately, Oliver was busted.

Oliver was tortured by the Polices. The old man who was the victim named Mr.Brownlow, he felt pity of Oliver. Then he paid the bill for Oliver, and he brought Oliver to his home. Oliver was welcomed so nicely in Mr.Brownlow’s home. Oliver had a good meal and place.

One day, Oliver was found by the Fagin’s friend, named Nancy. Then Oliver was brought to Fagin’s home. There he was in suffering again.

By losing Oliver, Mr.Brownlow reported Oliver’s missing in the news paper. He will give money for anyone who found or had any information about Oliver. This news was heard by Mr. Bumble, and he came to Mr.Brownlow’s house. Mr. Bumble told to him that Oliver was very bad boy and escaped from the undertaker’s home. Then Mr.Brownlow feel that Oliver was a liar.

Once again Oliver was trained to be a thief. He was guarded by Mr.Sikes and Nancy, Fagin’s friends. One night, Oliver and the gang tried to robber the house were owned by lady named, Rose. Unfortunately, Oliver was shot in his arm by the house’s guard. Then Mr.Sikes and friend left Oliver in the house’s yard.
In the morning, Oliver was found dying by the guard. Then the owner of home, Rose, was taking care of Oliver. She felt pity of Oliver, so she set free Oliver from police’s punishment. Oliver then had a good living in this house. Oliver learnt many things here.

Fagin and gang had a plan to get back Oliver. Nancy, who felt pity of Oliver tried to meet Rose and told her about Fagin’s plan. Knowing that Nancy was betrayed to Fagin, Mr.Sikes killed Nancy and ran away. In Mr. Sikes’s journey, he was killed by hung when tried to escape from the police.

Rose got the missing news about Oliver in the newspaper, so she brought Oliver to Mr.Brownlow’s house. There Oliver lived again with Mr.Brownlow. Knowing that Oliver was in danger by Fagin, Mr.Brownlow reported this case to police and bust Fagin.
On the day of Fagin’s punishment by hung, Mr.Brownlow and Oliver saw Fagin. Then surprisingly that Fagin gave all of his property from robbering in his home were belonged to Oliver.

In other place, Monks looked the information of Oliver in the workhouse where Oliver was born. And he tried to eliminate the evidence (small jawerly from Oliver’s mom) because he wanted all the property of his father belonged to Monks.

In fact, Mr.Brownlow is the old friend of monks’ father and kept the royalty of him. He told the true story that both Monks and Rose are the step brother and sister of Oliver. Then Mr.Brownlow, divided the royalty of their father.
Monks went to the far place with his portion, and he died in the prison for his case. While Rose married with a kind gentlemen. In the end, Oliver was adopted by Mr.Brownlow as his son. Oliver and Mr.Brownlow lived in happy life forever.      

                


ANALYSIS
Theme
Value
Life struggling
Religious
Esthetical
Spirit
Miracle
Form
Honesty
Patience
·         Oliver worked hard for his undertaker, Mr.Sowerberry.
·         Oliver tried to escape from the thief gang.
·         Oliver met with his brother and sister not intentionally.
·         The old man who adopted Oliver was friend of Oliver’s dad.
·         “Despised by all, and pitied by none”.
·         Harry was seized with such a passion for flowers, and displayed such a taste in their arrangement.
·         Oliver left the thief gang.
·         Oliver told the truth in the police office though he got discrimination
·         Oliver kept to stay in the workhouse even the meal was not good.
·         Oliver never complained being treated badly.


English Morphems - Morphology


A. Definition

Inflectional morphemes are bound morphemes that alter the grammatical state of the root or stem. They do not carry any meaning on their own, as is the nature of bound morphemes, but serve a critical function in inflected languages such as English. (It should be noted, however, that English is more of an analytic language, one that depends more heavily on sentence structure than conjugations and declensions.)

These bound morphemes express such concepts as tense, number, gender, case, aspect, and so on. In other words, they are grammatical markers. Unlike derivational morphemes they do not change the syntactic category of a word. A verb remains a verb no matter the inflectional morpheme, and a noun a noun. Additionally, they cannot be joined to incomplete morphemes. For example, you can add the derivational bound morpheme "atic" to "unsystem" to get "unsystematic." You cannot, however, add a possessive marker to make "unsystem's."
Inflectional morphemes typically follow derivational morphemes in the hierarchy of morpheme structure. IE, they occur last, at the end of the morpheme, not before any derivational morphemes. It is, for example, "unlikely hoods" for more than one unlikely hood, not something like "unlikelyshood."
The example we started out with. The word “girls” consists of two morphemes:
·         The free lexical morpheme girl that describes a young female human being
·         The bound inflectional morpheme -s that denotes plural number

The Contrast between derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes:


B. The Eight English Inflectional Morphemes
English used to be highly inflected and had a very rich variety of inflectional morphemes. Now, however, there are only eight left. They are:

Verbal
Nominal
Adjectival
3rd singular. Present –s
Plural –s
Comparative –er
Past Tense –ed
Possessive –‘s
Superlative –est
Progressive –ing

Past Participle -en





MORPHEME
GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
EXAMPLES
NOUNS
Plural
Marks as more than one
regular: dogs, cats, horses.
irregular: sheep, cacti,
phenomena, children.
Possessive
Marks for ownership
Bart’s, Homer’s, Marge’s
ADJECTIVES
Comparative
Marks for comparison (usually accompanied by than)
closer, whiter, quicker
Superlative
Marks as superlative
(sometimes accompanied by of)
closest, whitest, quickest
3rd-singular. Present
Agreement
Marks to agree with singular third person (his, her, it), in the present tense
runs, waits, pushes
VERBS
Past Tense
Marks (roughly) for past action
regular: dragged, backed, baited.
irregular: hit, ran, swam
Past Participle
Marks past participle (follows be or have):
“Bart was chosen” “I have
chosen Bart)
regular”: chosen, proven,woken.
irregular: drunk, hung;
waited (same as past tense)
Present Participle
Marks present participle
(follows be: “Bart was
walking”)
walking, jumping, swinging

Reference:
http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/%7Eraha/306a_web/EnglishInflectionalAffixes.pdf

Translation Technique


WORD EQUIVALENT

In translating the words from SL to TL, there are some problems which may influence the success of translation product.
A.    Affixes
The affixes in English and Indonesian are highly varied. Examples are as bellow:
Prefix- Suffix
English
Indonesian
Il- tidak
Illogical
Tidak logis
Bi- dua
bicycle
sepeda
Bilingual
Dwibahasa
Trans- berubah/berpindah
Transport
angkutan

-ion
Connection
hubungan
-able
Readable
Bisa dibaca
-en
Lighten
menerangi
B.     Word modification
Humid (adj)/lembab(adj) – humidity (noun)/kelembapan(noun)
C.     Multi meaning
A word in SL may have more than one meaning in TL.
D.    The relation between lexical
General-specific
Pronoun
Synonym
Antonym
Reciprocal
Chicken
Handoko
Student
Hard
Teach
Rooster,hen,chick
His, him
Pupil
soft
learn
E.     Unequivalent inter language lexical
Reference
English
Indonesian
Noun
Rice
Padi, gabah, beras, nasi

Semantics
Son
anak
Daughter
anak

Culture
House (living room, bedroom)
Rumah (ruang depan, ruang tengah)
F.       Lexical equivalent with the same concept
Memanggul = carry on the shoulder.
Nickel = uang logam.
G.    Lexical equivalent with unknown concept
Dikeroki = masage
H.    Translation void/untranslatable
I.       Compound word
Book worm = kutu buku
J.       Blending, clipping, acronym
Blending
Clipping
Acronym
Motel = motorway hotel
Patas = cepat terbatas
Zoo = zoological garden
Lab = laboratorium
VIP = Very Important Person
RSU = Rumah Sakit Umum
K.    Figurative meaning
·         Euphemism : berpulang = passed away, not feeling well = tak enak badan
·         Simile & metaphor: as old as the hills = tua sekali, di ujung tanduk = hanging on a thread
·         Personification
·         Idiom

MEANING EQUIVALENT

Suryawinata
1.      Lexical meaning : the meaning of the word in the dictionary
Hand    : the moveable parts at the end of the arms
2.      Grammatical meaning: have been added by affixes and/or the word structure.
(memakan,dimakan,termakan), (I go to the office, I went to the office)
3.      Textual meaning: the relation between other words in a sentence.
Hand me your paper (menyerakan), Masalah ini sudah ditangani ketua (diselesaikan)
4.      Contextual meaning : depends on the situation (setting, purpose, topic,etc)
“Good morning” in the early time: “selamat pagi”
“Good morning” in the late time: “kamu terlambat lagi”
5.      Socio-cultural meaning: the meaning is equivalent with culture that uses the language.
How’s your trip           : Mana oleh-olehnya?
It was really bad         : Capek/lelah